Home - FructoseFacts

What is Fructose?
Fructose is a carbohydrate that is roughly 1.2 times the sweetness of table sugar and is found in fruits and other foods.

About

About

Fructose occurs naturally in fruits, vegetables and their juices, as well as honey.

FAQs

FAQs

A collection of answers to the most common questions people ask about Fructose.

Consumer Information

Consumer Information

Scientific experts around the world support the safety of fructose and its role in reduced-calorie products.

Research Highlights

Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Relation of Total Sugars, Sucrose, Fructose, and Added Sugars With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

Dietary Fructose and the Metabolic Syndrome

Maternal Exposure to High Fructose and Offspring Health

Fructose tolerance test in obese people with and without type 2 diabetes

Fructose Consumption Contributes to Hyperinsulinemia in Adolescents With Obesity Through a GLP-1–Mediated Mechanism

Fructose and metabolic health: governed by hepatic glycogen status?

High intake of dietary fructose in overweight/obese teenagers associated with depletion of Eubacterium and Streptococcus in gut microbiome

The negative and detrimental effects of high fructose on the liver, with special reference to metabolic disorders

Health outcomes of a high fructose intake: the importance of physical activity

Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and incident gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

Short-Term Isocaloric Intake of a Fructose- but not Glucose-Rich Diet Affects Bacterial Endotoxin Concentrations and Markers of Metabolic Health in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects

The role of dietary sugars in health: molecular composition or just calories?

Effect of a Low Free Sugar Diet vs Usual Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescent Boys: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Childhood Fructoholism and Fructoholic Liver Disease

Dietary Sources of Fructose and Its Association with Fatty Liver in Mexican Young Adults

The effect of a new mixture of sugar and sugar-alcohols compared to sucrose and glucose on blood glucose increase and the possible adverse reactions: A phase I double-blind, three-way randomized cross-over clinical trial

Consuming glucose-sweetened, not fructose-sweetened, beverages increases fasting insulin in healthy humans

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children: Role of Fructose Intake and Dietary Pattern

Glycaemic, uricaemic and blood pressure response to beverages with partial fructose replacement of sucrose

Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Prenatal and Early Life Fructose, Fructose-Containing Beverages, and Midchildhood Asthma

Habitual Fructose Intake Relates to Insulin Sensitivity and Fatty Liver Index in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Individuals without Diabetes

Effects of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG: an update on systematic reviews with meta-analysis

Excess free fructose, high-fructose corn syrup and adult asthma: the Framingham Offspring Cohort

Study Summary - Chronic Fructose Substitution Has Little Effect on Blood Glucose, Insulin, Triglycerides

Meta-Analysis of Sugar and Type 2 diabetes Published

Summary of "Fructose replacement of glucose or sucrose in food or beverages lowers postprandial glucose and insulin without raising triglycerides: a systematic review and meta-analysis"

Study Summary of "Adverse effects of fructose on cardiometabolic risk factors and hepatic lipid metabolism in subjects with abdominal obesity"

Summary of Study "Impact of perinatal exposure to sucrose or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55) on adiposity and hepatic lipid consumption in rat offspring"

Fructose intervention for 12 weeks does not impair glycemic control for incretin hormone responses during oral glucose or mixed meal tests in obese men

Fructose Intake, Serum Uric Acid, and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Critical Review

Observational Findings Linking Intake of Sugar Containing Beverage Do Not Accurately Represent Americans’ Risk For Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease

Associations of Dietary Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose with Beta-cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity and T2DM Study Summary

Summary of Nutrients Special Issue “Dietary Fructose and Glucose: The Multifaceted Aspects of their Metabolism and Implication for Human Health”

Summary of Nutrients Special Issue “The Acute Effects of Simple Sugar Ingestion on Appetite, Gut-Derived Hormone Response, and Metabolic Markers in Men”

Study Review - "Fructose in Breast Milk is Positively Associated with Infant Body Composition at 6 Months of Age"

"The human brain produces fructose from glucose" Summary and Points of Consideration

Study Linking Fructose Intake to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with excessive calorie intake rather than a distinctive dietary pattern

Postexercise Repletion of Muscle Energy Stores with Fructose or Glucose in Mixed Meals

Sugar Sweetened Beverages but Not Diet Soda Consumption is Positively Associated with Insulin Resistance

Total, Free, and Added Sugar Consumption and Adherence to Guidelines

Early Life Sugar Consumption Affects the Rat Microbiome Independently of Obesity

Uric Acid and Transforming Growth Factor in Fructose-induced Production of ROS in Skeletal Muscle

Sugar Consumption, Metabolic Disease and Obesity: The State of the Controversy

Diets High in Fat or Fructose Differentially Modulate Bone Health and Lipid Metabolism

Early Life Fructose Exposure and Its Implications for Long-Term Cardiometabolic Health in Offspring

Rippe Review on Added Sugars and Disease Risk Factors

Review of Fructose on Insulin Sensitivity in Non-Diabetic Subjects