Author Archives: ssamples@kellencompany.com

Important Food Sources of Fructose-Containing Sugars and Incident Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-Analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

By Heart Health

Liu Q, Ayoub-Charette S, Khan TA, et al. J Am Heart Assoc 2019; 8:e010977. DOI: 10.1161/JAHA.118.010977. Objective To assess the relation of important food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident hypertension. Background Hypertension is a major risk factor for developing cardiovascular disease, and the global prevalence of hypertension has been increasing in the past decades. […]

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Relation of Total Sugars, Sucrose, Fructose, and Added Sugars With the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease: A Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies

By Archives, Heart Health

Mayo Clin Proc 2019; 94(12):2399-2414; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mayocp.2019.05.034 Khan TA, Mobushra T, Agarwal A, et al. Objective To determine the association of total and added fructose-containing sugars on cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence and mortality. Background Much of the evidence supporting recommendations and policies to set upper-limits for added or free fructose-containing sugars derives from data on sugar-sweetened […]

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Dietary Fructose and the Metabolic Syndrome

By Gout / Uric Acid, Heart Health, Liver Health

Taskinen MR, Packard CJ, Boren J, et al. Nutrients 2019, 11, 1987; doi:10.3390/nu11091987 Download PDF Objective To review recent evidence linking excessive fructose consumption to health risk markers and development of components of the Metabolic Syndrome. Background Consumption of fructose, the sweetest of all naturally occurring carbohydrates, has increased dramatically in the last 40 years […]

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Maternal Exposure to High Fructose and Offspring Health

By Heart Health

Jia G, Hill MA and Sowers JR. Hypertension 2019; 74:499-501. DOI: 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.119.13017 Download PDF Objective This article is an editorial on a study recently published in the Hypertension journal entitled, “Maternal High-Fructose Intake Induces Multigenerational Activation of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System”. Background Seong, et al. investigated whether maternal exposure to high fructose induces hypertension together with […]

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Fructose tolerance test in obese people with and without type 2 diabetes

By Diabetes, Gout / Uric Acid

Al-Ozairi E, Rivard CJ, Sanchez Gonzalez LG, et al. J Diabetes. 2019; 1– 8. https://doi.org/10.1111/1753-0407.12984 Download PDF Objective To examine the acute effects of an oral fructose tolerance test (OFTT) on serum uric acid concentrations in people with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes. The effects of an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) on serum […]

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Fructose Consumption Contributes to Hyperinsulinemia in Adolescents With Obesity Through a GLP-1–Mediated Mechanism

By Body Weight, Diabetes

J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2019 Aug 1;104(8):3481-3490. doi: 10.1210/jc.2019-00161 Galderisi A, Giannini C, van Name M, et al. Download Research Study PDF Objective To test the hypothesis that that the ingestion of glucose and fructose may differentially stimulate GLP-1 and insulin response in lean adolescents and adolescents with obesity. Background The consumption of high-fructose beverages […]

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Fructose and metabolic health: governed by hepatic glycogen status?

By Body Weight, Diabetes

J Physiol 597.14 (2019) pp 3573–3585 Hengist A, Koumanov F and Gonzalez JT. Download Research Study PDF Objective To present the hypothesis that hepatic glycogen stores may regulate metabolic responses to fructose ingestion and could therefore be a target to prevent or mitigate the negative metabolic effects of fructose intake. Background Fructose is a commonly […]

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High intake of dietary fructose in overweight/obese teenagers associated with depletion of Eubacterium and Streptococcus in gut microbiome

By Gut Health

Gut Microbes. 2019 Apr 16:1-8. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2019.1592420. Jones RB, Alderette TL, Kim JS, et al. Download Research Study PDF Objective To determine how dietary macronutrients are associated with the relative abundance of gut bacteria in healthy adolescents. Background A western high fat, high carbohydrate diet has been shown to be associated with decreased gut bacterial […]

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The negative and detrimental effects of high fructose on the liver, with special reference to metabolic disorders

By Diabetes, Liver Health

Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity: Targets and Therapy 2019:12 821–826 Brandon H. Mai and Liang-Jun Yan. Download Research Study PDF Objective This review focuses the discussion on the hepatic manifestations of high fructose-implicated liver metabolic disorders such as insulin resistance, obesity due to enhanced lipogenesis, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and type […]

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Important food sources of fructose-containing sugars and incident gout: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.

By Gout / Uric Acid

BMJ Open 2019; 9:e024171. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2018-024171 Ayoub-Charette S, Liu Q, Tauseef AK, et al. Download Research Study PDF Objective To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies to assess the relation of important food sources of fructose-containing sugars with incident gout and hyperuricaemia. Background Foods that increase net adenosine triphosphate (ATP) degradation including […]

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Short-Term Isocaloric Intake of a Fructose- but not Glucose-Rich Diet Affects Bacterial Endotoxin Concentrations and Markers of Metabolic Health in Normal Weight Healthy Subjects

By Gut Health, Heart Health, Liver Health

Mol Nutr Food Res, 2019; //doi: 10.1002/mnfr.201800868 Nier A, Brandt A, Rajcic D, et al. Download Research Study PDF Objective To determine if an isocaloric exchange of complex carbohydrates with fructose or glucose affects surrogate markers of liver health and vascular endothelial function in healthy normal weight young male and female adults. If so, the […]

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The role of dietary sugars in health: molecular composition or just calories?

By Diabetes, Heart Health

J Clin Nutr 2019; //doi.org/10.1038/s41430-019-0407-z — Philip Prinz Eur — Download Research Study PDF — Objective: To conduct a review highlighting current literature to discuss the question of whether dietary sugars per se have an unfavorable health effect or if it is just the amount of calories that matters in the development of noncommunicable diseases […]

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Effect of a Low Free Sugar Diet vs Usual Diet on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Adolescent Boys: A Randomized Clinical Trial

By Liver Health

JAMA. 2019;321(3):256-265. doi:10.1001/jama.2018.20579 — Schwimmer JB, Ugalde-Nicalo P, Welsh JA, et al. Download Research Study PDF Objective To determine the effects of a diet low in free sugars in adolescent boys with NAFLD. Background From 1988 to 2010, the prevalence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) increased among children in the United States.  Pediatric NAFLD […]

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Dietary Sources of Fructose and Its Association with Fatty Liver in Mexican Young Adults

By Liver Health

Nutrients 2019, 11, 522; doi:10.3390/nu11030522 — Cantoral A, Contreras-Manzano A, Luna-Villa L, et al. Download Research Study PDF Objective To assess the consumption of dietary fructose according to: 1) classification of hepatic steatosis by two indexes and 2) diagnosis of NAFLD by MRI. Background Previous studies have shown that consumption of fructose through soft drinks […]

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The effect of a new mixture of sugar and sugar-alcohols compared to sucrose and glucose on blood glucose increase and the possible adverse reactions: A phase I double-blind, three-way randomized cross-over clinical trial

By Diabetes

Endocrinol Diabetes Nutr. 2019. //doi.org/10.1016/j.endinu.2018.12.008 — Mohsenpour MA, Kaseb F, Nazemian R, et al. — Download Research Study PDF — Objective: To examine the effect of a new mixture of sugars and sugar alcohol on the postprandial blood glucose levels and its possible gastrointestinal (GI) adverse reactions in human adults. Background: Various compounds such as […]

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Consuming glucose-sweetened, not fructose-sweetened, beverages increases fasting insulin in healthy humans

By Diabetes

Eur J Clin Nutr 2018 Aug 11; //doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0297-5 — Kuzma JN, Comer G, Hagman DK, et al. — Download Research Study PDF —  Objective To conduct a secondary analysis to determine whether consuming beverages sweetened with fructose vs. HFCS vs. glucose differentially affected fasting glucose, insulin, and the homeostasis model assessment index of insulin resistance […]

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Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children: Role of Fructose Intake and Dietary Pattern

By Liver Health

Nutrients 2018 Sept 19; 10(9):pii E1329. doi: 10.3390/nu10091329 — Nier A, Brandt A, Conzelmann IB, et al. — Download PDF Objective To determine if the dietary pattern and lifestyle of overweight children without NAFLD differs from overweight children showing early signs of NAFLD. Background Contrary to many other liver diseases, NAFLD is not a disease […]

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Glycaemic, uricaemic and blood pressure response to beverages with partial fructose replacement of sucrose

By Diabetes, Gout / Uric Acid

Eur J Clin Nutr (2018) 72:1717-1723; https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0134-x — Rodrigues N, Peng M, Oey I, and Venn BJ. — Download PDF — Objective To assess the effects of partial replacement of sucrose with fructose on serum glucose, uric acid and blood pressure. Background Fructose has been shown to adversely affect plasma lipids and may predispose excessive […]

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Fructose and sugar: A major mediator of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

By Liver Health

J Hepatol. 2018 May;68(5):1063-1075. doi: 10.1016/j.jhep.2018.01.019 — Jensen T, Abdelmalek MF, Sullivan S, et al. — Download PDF — Objective To review the experimental and clinical evidence that fructose precipitates fat accumulation in the liver, due to both increased lipogenesis and impaired fat oxidation. Background Historically thought to result from over-nutrition and a sedentary lifestyle, […]

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Prenatal and Early Life Fructose, Fructose-Containing Beverages, and Midchildhood Asthma

By Other

Annals Amer Thoracic Society (2018) 15 (2); doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201707-530OC — Wright LS, Rifas-Shiman SL, Oken E, Litonjua AA and Gold DR. — Download PDF — Objective: To examine associations of maternal prenatal and early childhood intake of sugar-sweetened beverages and fructose with current asthma in midchildhood, median age, 7.7 years. Background: Concurrent with the rise in […]

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Habitual Fructose Intake Relates to Insulin Sensitivity and Fatty Liver Index in Recent-Onset Type 2 Diabetes Patients and Individuals without Diabetes

By Liver Health

Nutrients 2018, 10(6), 774; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu10060774 — Weber KS, Simon MC, Strassburger, et al. — Download PDF — Objective: To test the hypothesis that higher habitual intake of fructose from regular food sources (assessed as total fructose, fructose from fruits, fructose from juices, and fructose from sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB)) are associated with lower hepatic but not […]

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Effects of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG: an update on systematic reviews with meta-analysis

By Diabetes

Br J Nutr. 2018 Aug; 120(4):364-372. doi: 10.1017/S0007114518001538  — Macedo RCO, Vieira AF, Moritz CEJ, and Reischak-Oliveira A. — Download PDF — Objective: To re-examine the chronic effect (>7 days) of fructose consumption on postprandial TAG, in adolescents and adults. Background: Exaggerated elevation of TAG in the postprandial period represents an abnormal metabolism response and […]

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Excess free fructose, high-fructose corn syrup and adult asthma: the Framingham Offspring Cohort

By Other

British Journal of Nutrition (2018), 119, 1157–1167; doi:10.1017/S0007114518000417 — DeChristopher LR, Tucker KL. — Download PDF — Objective: To test the hypothesis that consumption of HFCS-sweetened soda, fruit drinks and apple juice, but not orange juice or diet soda, increases asthma risk, independently of potential confounders. Background: There is growing evidence that intakes of high-fructose […]

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Study Summary – Chronic Fructose Substitution Has Little Effect on Blood Glucose, Insulin, Triglycerides

By Diabetes

An article entitled “Chronic fructose substitution for glucose or sucrose in food or beverages has little effect on fasting blood glucose, insulin, or triglycerides: a systematic review and meta-analysis” by Evans et al. was recently published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. The systematic review addressed the effect of isoenergetic fructose replacement of other […]

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Meta-Analysis of Sugar and Type 2 diabetes Published

By Diabetes

Tsilas et al., present research findings of a systematic review and meta-analysis in the article “Relation of total sugars, fructose and sucrose with incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies” published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal. The authors evaluated data from 9 publications reporting results of 15 cohort […]

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Summary of “Fructose replacement of glucose or sucrose in food or beverages lowers postprandial glucose and insulin without raising triglycerides: a systematic review and meta-analysis”

By Other

For your information, an article entitled “Fructose replacement of glucose or sucrose in food or beverages lowers postprandial glucose and insulin without raising triglycerides: a systematic review and meta-analysis” by Evans et al. was recently published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. In the present study, Evans et al. conducted a systematic review and […]

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Study Summary of “Adverse effects of fructose on cardiometabolic risk factors and hepatic lipid metabolism in subjects with abdominal obesity”

By Diabetes, Heart Health

For your information, a study entitled “Adverse effects of fructose on cardiometabolic risk factors and hepatic lipid metabolism in subjects with abdominal obesity” was recently published in the Journal of Internal Medicine. The purpose of this study by Taskinen et al. was to determine the effects of fructose on liver fat development, body composition, dietary […]

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Summary of Study “Impact of perinatal exposure to sucrose or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55) on adiposity and hepatic lipid consumption in rat offspring”

By Other

For your information a study entitled “Impact of perinatal exposure to sucrose or high fructose corn syrup (HFCS-55) on adiposity and hepatic lipid consumption in rat offspring” was recently published in The Journal of Physiology. The study has garnered some attention resulting in a commentary in The Journal of Physiology entitled “Maternal fructose consumption can […]

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Fructose intervention for 12 weeks does not impair glycemic control for incretin hormone responses during oral glucose or mixed meal tests in obese men

By Diabetes

A study entitled “Fructose intervention for 12 weeks does not impair glycemic control for incretin hormone responses during oral glucose or mixed meal tests in obese men” by Matikainen et al. was recently published in Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases. The purpose of the study was to determine if habitual fructose consumption (75g/d for 12 […]

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Fructose Intake, Serum Uric Acid, and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Critical Review

By Gout / Uric Acid

On April 18, Caliceti et al. published a review entitled “Fructose Intake, Serum Uric Acid, and Cardiometabolic Disorders: A Critical Review” in Nutrients. The review focuses on the role of uric acid (UA) in cardio metabolic disorders and the relationship between fructose consumption, blood UA, and health outcomes. The authors first review purine metabolism including […]

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Observational Findings Linking Intake of Sugar Containing Beverage Do Not Accurately Represent Americans’ Risk For Preclinical Alzheimer’s Disease

By Brain & Cognition

While a recent study alleges estimated intake of sugar containing beverages is associated with markers of preclinical Alzheimer’s disease, the observational nature of the study and other important limitations temper any significance of the findings. In the study, “Sugary beverage intake and preclinical Alzheimer’s disease in the community”, Pase et al., analyzed data from a […]

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Associations of Dietary Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose with Beta-cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity and T2DM Study Summary

By Diabetes

For your information, a study entitled “Associations of Dietary Glucose, Fructose, and Sucrose with β–cell Function, Insulin Sensitivity, and Type 2 Diabetes in the Maastricht Study” by den Biggelaar et al. was recently published in Nutrients. The purpose of the study was to determine associations between glucose, fructose, and sucrose intakes with β–cell Function (BCF), […]

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Making Sense Out of Sugars

By Consumer

Sugar- Free? Are You Sure about That? Cruising the internet the other day, I ran across a recipe for “Sugar-Free Apple Pie Filling.” I was instantly suspicious.  The recipe’s ingredients listed no white sugar, but did include a can of 100% pure unsweetened apple juice concentrate.  Apple juice is naturally loaded with sugar.  So, the […]

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Summary of Nutrients Special Issue “Dietary Fructose and Glucose: The Multifaceted Aspects of their Metabolism and Implication for Human Health”

By Other

Nutrients recently published a special issue entitled “Dietary Fructose and Glucose: The Multifaceted Aspects of their Metabolism and Implication for Human Health” which included fifteen papers relating to these monosaccharides. Staff has identified articles of interest to the Working Group and has provided a summary of each, including points of consideration as necessary. The article […]

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Summary of Nutrients Special Issue “The Acute Effects of Simple Sugar Ingestion on Appetite, Gut-Derived Hormone Response, and Metabolic Markers in Men”

By Other

The article “The Acute Effects of Simple Sugar Ingestion on Appetite, Gut-Derived Hormone Response, and Metabolic Markers in Men” by Yau, et al., was published in Nutrients in 2017. This single-blind, pilot study examined the effect of simple sugar ingestion in more commonly ingested amounts on appetite, circulating gut hormone responses, and markers of hepatic […]

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Study Review – “Fructose in Breast Milk is Positively Associated with Infant Body Composition at 6 Months of Age”

By Other

A recent study published in Nutrients asserts that fructose in breast milk is significantly associated with infant body composition.  Twenty-five mother-infant dyads participated in the study in which infants were exclusively breastfeed from 1 month (first time point) until 6 months (second time point). At both the 1 month an 6 month time points, expressed […]

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“The human brain produces fructose from glucose” Summary and Points of Consideration

By Brain & Cognition

A recent study entitled “The human brain produces fructose from glucose” published in JCI Insight sought to examine whether peripheral hyperglycemia can drive intracerebral production of fructose through the polyol pathway [glucose –(aldose reductase)à sorbitol –(sorbitol dehydrogenase)à fructose] in an exploratory study. Researchers at Yale selected 4 male and 4 female participants (mean: age 28.8, […]

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Study Linking Fructose Intake to Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

By Gout / Uric Acid, Liver Health

A study entitled “Serum uric acid concentrations and fructose consumption are independently associated with NASH in children and adolescents,” was recently published in the Journal of Hepatology. The purpose of the study was to identify the factors associated with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in children and adolescents with confirmed cases of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). More […]

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Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with excessive calorie intake rather than a distinctive dietary pattern

By Liver Health

A study published in Medicine sought to characterize the dietary patterns of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and to assess the efficacy of dietary interventions on NAFLD related outcomes. Researchers collected a total of 55 NAFLD patients and 88 controls to complete the study in northern Germany. All participants were subjected to a […]

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Postexercise Repletion of Muscle Energy Stores with Fructose or Glucose in Mixed Meals

By Performance Athletes

A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition asserts that consumption of fructose “lowers whole-body glycogen synthesis and impairs subsequent exercise performance, presumably because of lower hepatic glycogen stores.” The study sought to compare “isocaloric mixed meals containing fat and protein with either pure fructose or pure glucose” on intramyocellular lipids (IMCL), […]

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Fructose is Not the Enemy

By Consumer

Do you cringe when you hear the word fructose? Fructose has received a bad reputation recently due to media and its association with the term “high fructose corn syrup”. Fructose is blamed for obesity, diabetes and other health concerns, but does fructose really cause these problems? While it is easy to blame one food ingredient […]

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Sugar Sweetened Beverages but Not Diet Soda Consumption is Positively Associated with Insulin Resistance

By Diabetes

A longitudinal study examining the association between intake of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) and diet sodas on insulin resistance and incidence of prediabetes was published in November issue of The Journal of Nutrition. Researchers used a subsample of participants from the Framingham Heart Study’s Offspring cohort (n=1685). Data from 126-item food frequency questionnaires (FFQ) collected from […]

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Early Life Sugar Consumption Affects the Rat Microbiome Independently of Obesity

By Body Weight

A recent study published in The Journal of Nutrition utilized a rodent model to assess the impact of early-life added sugar consumption on the composition of the gut microbiome, caloric intake, and weight gain. Researchers divided 42 juvenile male Sprague-Dawley rats (post-natal day 26) into 4 groups that were maintained on identical diets with varying […]

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Uric Acid and Transforming Growth Factor in Fructose-induced Production of ROS in Skeletal Muscle

By Gout / Uric Acid

An article was recently published in Nutrition Reviews which aimed to summarize the current literature on the effects of fructose on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial dysfunction in various tissues, particularly skeletal muscle, and identify research gaps for which future endeavors should address. First, reviewers provided an overview of the metabolic effects of […]

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Sugar Consumption, Metabolic Disease and Obesity: The State of the Controversy

By Body Weight

A review article published in Clinical Reviews in Clinical Laboratory Sciences discusses the current scientific evidence which fosters an environment of controversy about the health effects of sugar consumption.  The reviewers evaluated research which examined both direct and indirect effects of added sugars on the development of metabolic disease which, for the case of this […]

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Diets High in Fat or Fructose Differentially Modulate Bone Health and Lipid Metabolism

By Other

A new study was recently published in Calcified Tissue International which compared the effects of high-fat and high-fructose diets on various outcomes including visceral and subcutaneous fat deposition, de novo lipogenesis, plasma glucose, plasma leptin, plasma insulin, and bone architecture and stiffness. The experiment conducted by Jatkar et al. utilized 30 male mice divided into […]

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Early Life Fructose Exposure and Its Implications for Long-Term Cardiometabolic Health in Offspring

By Diabetes, Heart Health

A review was recently published in Nutrients which examined the relationship between early life exposure to fructose and cardiometabolic outcomes in offspring. Reviewers cited a number studies which associated fructose intake with various health outcomes such as insulin resistance, elevated low density lipoprotein cholesterol, elevated triglycerides, obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and […]

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The Facts on Fructose

By Healthcare

As healthcare professionals, we’ve heard our patients’ concerns regarding sugars.  In particular, one type of sugar is often demonized – fructose – especially when it’s partnered with the words, high fructose corn syrup.  Fructose has been blamed for obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance and high triglycerides, but it’s important to know the facts about fructose before […]

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Rippe Review on Added Sugars and Disease Risk Factors

By Other

On November 4, a review by James M. Rippe and Theodore J. Angelopoulos was published in Nutrients. The review entitled, “Relationship between Added Sugars Consumption and Chronic Disease Risk Factors: Current Understanding,” examines the latest, high quality science to address the ambiguity of the relationship between sugar consumption and various health related conditions. Rippe and […]

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Review of Fructose on Insulin Sensitivity in Non-Diabetic Subjects

By Diabetes

A new systematic review and meta-analysis examining the effects of fructose on insulin sensitivity in non-diabetic subjects was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. Researchers specifically looked at controlled clinical trials with normal weight, overweight, and obese non-diabetic participants. All studies used in the analysis were assessed and provided a Heyland methodological quality […]

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Making Sense of Sugar

By Consumer

The three main types of carbohydrate in food are starches (also known as complex carbohydrates), sugars, and fiber. As one of the three types of carbohydrates, sugars are in many of the foods and beverages we consume every day. But over the past decade sugars have become a hot-button issue. It seems like every time […]

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Fructose Intake and Risk of Gout and Hyperuricemia, Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

By Gout / Uric Acid

A recent systematic review and meta-analysis from The BMJ attempts to define a relationship between fructose intake and the development of gout and hyperuricemia. Researchers were only able to identify two prospective cohort studies which met their selection criteria; both of which pertained to fructose intake and gout but did not address incidence of hyperuricemia. […]

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Diabetes Regulates Fructose Absorption through Thioredoxin-Interacting Protein

By Diabetes

On October 11, a study published in eLife revealed the effects of thioredoxin-interacting protein (Txnip) on fructose absorption and metabolic disease progression in mice models. It has been established Txnip overexpression impairs glucose uptake in peripheral tissues whereas Txnip ablation results in increased glucose uptake.  Txnip is thought to regulate glucose uptake through increased expression […]

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Post-Exercise Appetite was Affected by Fructose Content but Not Glycemic Index of Pre-Exercise Meals

By Diabetes

A study published in Appetite investigated the effect of glycemic index (GI) and fructose content in pre-exercise meals on appetite following moderate-intensity exercise. The study enrolled ten, healthy men with an average age of 21.7 years and average BMI of 20.9kg/m2. The three, isocaloric pre-exercise meals were classified as low GI breakfast without fructose (LGI), […]

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ChREBP Regulates Fructose-induced Glucose Production Independently of Insulin Signaling

By Diabetes

In a study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation (see attached), researchers suggest that ChREBP, a transcriptional activator of glycolytic and lipogenic genes, modulates selective liver insulin sensitivity.   Researchers believe that in insulin resistant states, where glucose is not readily taken up by peripheral tissues, glucose shunting to the liver activates ChREBP and promotes […]

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Time to Batter Up!

By Consumer

Flapjacks, griddle cakes, hot cakes, or pancakes.  Whatever you call them, they’re the ultimate fun food, conjuring up sweet memories of family togetherness on lazy weekend mornings. Pancakes tend to be pretty darn good even when they’re just average, but here are simple steps to make your cakes more fluffy, tender, flavorful — and nutritious: […]

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Fructose in a solid meal does not affect blood markers of lipid and sugar metabolism.

By Other

“Fructose acute effects on glucose, insulin, and triglyceride after a solid meal compared with sucralose and sucrose in a randomized crossover study” was published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in June, 2016. When compared with iso-caloric intake of other sugars, fructose does not appear to perturb blood triglycerides or body weight. However, the […]

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Carb Diet Trends

By Healthcare

In 1984, Time magazine famously featured a sad face made of fried eggs and bacon on its cover. According to experts quoted in the article, fat was the macronutrient villain, squarely blocking the gate to lower BMIs and better cardiovascular health.  Thirty years later, Time again tackled the subject of dietary fat, this time showing […]

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Sports Drinks: Fuel for Athletes

By Healthcare

No matter what sort of nutrition advice you offer your patients, it’s important to first inquire about their diet and lifestyle. A healthy diet is balanced with physical activity, and includes the basics of choosing lots of vegetables, fruit, quality protein, whole grains, and healthy fats, while limiting sodium, sugar and alcohol. However when using […]

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Carbohydrates: Macronutrient

By Healthcare

For years, carbohydrates have taken blame for obesity. Americans nutritional perceptions have been influenced by low-carbohydrate fad diets for decades dating back to the “meat diet” beginning in the 1940s. Other more modern reduced carbohydrate diets include Atkin’s, stoneage and Paleolithic, “Zone” and “South Beach.”  The popularity of these diets encourages Americans to fear carbohydrates. […]

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Liver Glycogen Metabolism During and After Prolonged Endurance-Type Exercise

By Performance Athletes

A 2016 literature review published in the American Journal of Physiology Endocrinology and Metabolism describes the involvement of liver glycogen in prolonged exercise and discusses the most effective nutritional strategies for liver glycogen repletion. Gonzalez et al. report that the total volume of liver glycogen in trained endurance athletes is no different than that of […]

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Summer Picnics

By Consumer

I don’t know about you, but I love being outdoors in the summertime. I especially love al fresco dining. Whether you are planning a backyard barbecue, a deck party, or packing a picnic to go, I encourage you to plan a festive spread that encompasses the basic food groups as well as a dessert or […]

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The Role of Carbs in the Diet

By Healthcare

The International Food Information Council (IFIC) foundation recently published findings from an online food and health survey conducted between 2012 and 2015. While there continues to be a disconnect between weight status and perceived health by many Americans, the participants report behaviors consistent with widely disseminated nutrition advice including trying to limit or avoid added […]

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Carbohydrates: Diet Essentials

By Consumer

Carbohydrates, like fats and proteins, are considered macronutrients. These “large scale” nutrients provide nourishment essential for growth and the maintenance of life.  Ideally, 45 to 65 percent of your daily intake should come from carbohydrates, 20 to 35 percent of your daily intake should come from fats, and 10 to 35 percent of your daily […]

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No Differential Effect of Beverages Sweetened with Fructose, High-Fructose Corn Syrup, or Glucose on Systemic or Adipose Tissue Inflammation in Normal-Weight to Obese Adults

By Body Weight

A new study, published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, reports that consumption of beverages sweetened with glucose, fructose, or high-fructose corn syrup (HCFS) do not promote inflammation or gut permeability. Researchers have hypothesized that systemic inflammation increases risk for development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and cardiovascular disease in obese individuals. Similarly, […]

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Respect the Fruit: Three Important Reasons to Plan More Fruit in Your Diet

By Consumer

As a registered dietitian and nutrition educator, I find that fruit often doesn’t get the nutritional respect it deserves.  Maybe that’s because fruit is called “Nature’s Candy” or because it’s found in many calorie-laden desserts like Strawberry Shortcake, Apple Pie, or Banana Pudding. But, fattening desserts are only part of fruit’s resume.  Consuming fruit has […]

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Enjoy A Fruit-Full Winter

By Archives

“Yay!! Honey Crisp!” I thought to myself, selecting two apples from the display at the grocery store.  But when I checked out, my joy in finding one of my favorite fruits out-of-season was short-lived — the apples rang up at $8.53!!  I sheepishly handed them back to the cashier and asked her to take them […]

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Fructose May Help Maintain Liver Glycogen during Prolonged Endurance-type Exercise

By Performance Athletes

Previously published research has shown that carbohydrate feeding during prolonged (>2 hour) moderate-to-high intensity, endurance-type exercise enhances endurance performance and capacity. The improvement in exercise performance has previously been attributed to high rates of carbohydrate oxidation which prevent hypoglycemia and may spare muscle glycogen. However, it is well known that glycogen stores in the liver […]

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The role of carbohydrates, including fructose, on athletic performance reaffirmed by several health organizations

By Performance Athletes

While most adults need to watch their caloric intake, athletes need to be conscious of the amount, type and timing of calories to help ensure optimal performance. The recent position by several professional organizations, including the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, Dietitians of Canada and the American College of Sports Medicine, continues to support the […]

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Exercising Without Overeating

By Consumer

The time for New Year’s resolutions is drawing near and you may be considering starting a workout routine. Good choice. Regular exercise has a host of benefits including better cardiovascular health, lowered blood glucose levels, mood elevation, and improved muscle strength and endurance. Some say that exercise also helps curb your appetite.  Really?  Not in […]

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Results of Sugar Reduction Research Clouded by Non-Compliance of Study Participants

By Other

Study fails to isolate whether weight loss or calorie source was cause of health impact In the recent study “Isocaloric Fructose Restriction and Metabolic Improvement in Children with Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome,” the authors allege that sugar, more specifically fructose, causes health-related problems that are independent of the health concerns related to intake of calories. […]

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Diet danger: High fructose corn syrup. The effects of corn syrup aren’t so sweet

By Archives

Editor, SparkPeople.com support@sparkpeople.com RE: “Diet danger: High fructose corn syrup. The effects of corn syrup aren’t so sweet.”   To the Editor: I am writing in response to an article authored by Becky Hand appearing on the SparkPeople.com website entitled, “Diet danger: High fructose corn syrup. The effects of corn syrup aren’t so sweet.” URL: […]

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Gut microbial adaptation to dietary consumption of fructose, artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols: implications for host-microbe interactions contributing to obesity

By Gut Health

Calorie Control Council Comments Payne AN, Chassard C, Lacroix C. Gut microbial adaptation to dietary consumption of fructose, artificial sweeteners and sugar alcohols: implications for host-microbe interactions contributing to obesity. Obes Rev. 2012 Sep. A recent review by Payne et al. (1) proposes the hypothesis that sugar compounds—particularly free fructose—contribute to obesity by conditioning gut […]

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More on Mice and Men: Fructose Could put Brakes on a Vicious Cycle Leading to Obesity in Humans

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To the Editor: The role played by dietary fructose in the ‘epidemic’ of obesity has recently been debated in the Journal of the American Dietetic Association (1,2) following the earlier review by Lustig (3) in which fructose is argued to have a prominent role in the causation and perpetuation of obesity. These warrant comment because […]

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Microvascular disease and its role in the brain and cardiovascular system: a potential role for uric acid as a cardiorenal toxin

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Editor, Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation RE: Microvascular disease and its role in the brain and cardiovascular system: a potential role for uric acid as a cardiorenal toxin.   To the Editor: Along with a review of the role of microvascular disease in hypertension and related diseases, a recent paper by Kanbay et al.1 also proposes that […]

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Extensive Research Demonstrates that Fructose Does Not Increase Food Intake or Impact Body Weight

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For Immediate Release: February 10, 2011 Contact: Beth Hubrich, RD 404-252-3663 Extensive Research Demonstrates that Fructose Does Not Increase Food Intake or Impact Body Weight ATLANTA (February 10, 2011) – A new comprehensive review concludes that fructose does not increase food intake or impact body weight or blood triglycerides in overweight or obese individuals. The […]

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Consumption of added sugars and indicators of cardiovascular disease risk among US adolescents

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Editor, Circulation RE: Consumption of added sugars and indicators of cardiovascular disease risk among US adolescents. To the Editor: A recent paper by Welsh et al.1 claims an association between consumption of added sugars and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors among U.S. adolescents. The significance of the association is in doubt, however, given the failure […]

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Therapeutic Interventions for Fructose-Induced Fatty Liver Disease are Premature

By Liver Health

In their recent article, Vos and McClain paint a grim picture of dietary fructose, likening its effect to alcohol-induced hepatic steatosis and liver injury and thereby ‘‘defining targets for therapeutic interventions.’’ The case for such interventions is unsupported, built as it is on inappropriate extrapolation of highly exaggerated diets to the human condition, and decidedly premature for two reasons.

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Increased fructose intake as a risk factor for dementia. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2010

By Brain & Cognition

In a recent paper, Stephan et al. speculated that high fructose intake is a risk factor for dementia and that increasing consumption of fructose in the U.S. population could lead to greater dementia risk. Their premise is weakened, however, by outdated references to fructose intake and functional properties, and by a reliance on supporting evidence gathered under extreme experimental conditions unrelated to typical human fructose exposure.

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Evidence-Based Review on the Effect of Normal Dietary Consumption of Fructose on Development of Hyperlipidemia and Obesity in Healthy, Normal Weight Individuals

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In recent years, there has been episodic speculation that an increase in consumption of fructose from foods and beverages is an underlying factor responsible for the relatively recent increase in obesity and obesity-related diseases such as diabetes. Reports in support of this hypothesis have been published, showing that concentrations of triglycerides (TG) are higher and […]

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Fructose overconsumption causes dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid deposition in healthy subjects with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes

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Editor, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition Re: Fructose overconsumption causes dyslipidemia and ectopic lipid deposition in healthy subjects with and without a family history of type 2 diabetes   Editor, The recent study by Le et al. (1) contains justification and experimental design weaknesses that have become the unfortunate hallmarks of contemporary fructose research. It […]

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Methodological problems invalidate sugars differences

By Heart Health

In a recent paper, Le et al. reported finding differences between the two most commonly used sweeteners in the US, concluding that “compared with sucrose, HFCS [high fructose corn syrup] leads to greater fructose systemic exposure and significantly different acute metabolic effects.” Evidence in support of this conclusion was unconvincing, however, due to significant deficiencies in the experimental design.

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The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta in the pathogenesis of fructose-induced insulin resistance.

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Editor, Cell Metabolism RE: The role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 beta in the pathogenesis of fructose-induced insulin resistance.     Editor: Perspective is lacking in the recent paper by Nagai et al. (2009), in which the authors propose PGC-1beta knockdown as a novel therapeutic treatment, having demonstrated that it prevents hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic/peripheral […]

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Impairment of hepatic Stat-3 activation and reduction of PPAR-alpha activity in fructose-fed rats

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N. Roglans, L. Vil, M. Farr, M. Alegret, R.M. Sanchez, M. Vazquez-Carrera, and J.C. Laguna. Hepatology, 45(3): 778 – 788, 2007. Dr. Keith D. Lindor Editor, Hepatology Dear Editor, I am a biochemist with over twenty-five years experience in the manufacture, applications and uses, consumption and metabolism of nutritive sweeteners, including sucrose, fructose and high […]

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Stealth Calories

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By Sally Squires Washington Post, February 6, 2007   Dear Ms. Squires: The Calorie Control Council is an international association representing the “light” food and beverage industry, including companies that make and use fructose. We are writing to clarify information provided in your February 6 article, “Stealth Calories.” In reporting the effect of fructose on […]

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Added Sweeteners: Are high-fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners fueling the American obesity epidemic?

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“Added Sweeteners: Are high-fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners fueling the American obesity epidemic?” Harvard Health Letter. 2006 (12):1-3. Dear Editor, We read with interest the October 2006 Harvard Health Letter article entitled, “Added sweeteners: are high fructose corn syrup and other sweeteners fueling the American obesity epidemic?” The author’s basic premise that Americans could […]

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A Sweetener with a Bad Rap

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by Melanie Warner New York Times, July 2, 2006   Dear Ms. Warner: Your July 2 article, “A Sweetener with a Bad Rap,” stated the following: “Studies have shown that the human body metabolizes fructose, the sweetest of the natural sugars, in a way that may promote weight gain. Specifically, fructose does not prompt the […]

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Is fructose bad for you?

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From Harvard Health Publications, MSN Health& Fitness May 20, 2006   Editor, Harvard Health Letter RE: “Is fructose bad for you?”, posted on MSN.com Health & Fitness   To the Editor:   We are writing in response to an article authored by Harvard Health Letter appearing on the MSN.com Health & Fitness website entitled, “Is […]

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